It us the symbiosis of the cultures

THE Janissaries were the elite fighting force of the Ottoman Empire. When they advanced into battle it was to shrill and alarming war music. But what made them more terrifying was the slow rolling stride of their march in which for every two steps forward, they took one step sideways. This inexorable advance in strict formation, utterly contemptuous of the hails of enemy arrows and javelins, served to confuse and then terrify their opponents, who often broke and ran before these ferocious shock troops actually reached their ranks.

Janissary Music influenced Mozart & Beethoven

The military march music of the Janissaries is characteristic because of its powerful, often shrill sound combining bass drums, horns (boru), bells, the triangle and cymbals (zil), among others. Janissary music influenced western classic musicians like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. The Janissary Music is still played at state, military and tourist functions in modern Turkey by the Mehter Band and the troops that accompany.

"Let's try to move back to the year 1683. During the second siege of Vienna by the Turkish army, a group of bakers hear soldiers tunneling under their kitchen and alert the authorities of the impending danger. Following the expulsion of the would-be invaders, they are rewarded with a special privilege: baking a special pastry in the shape of the crescent which ornamented the Ottoman flag.

While the croissant made its first appearance, the fashion of coffeehouses spread from Istanbul to the European capitals. The fear of centuries had, with the decline of the Ottoman Empire, made way for a kind of fascination with all things Turkish.

"During their retreat from Vienna, the Janissaries seem to have left behind some of their musical instruments near the monastery of Kremsmunster in Graz. Johann Joseph Fux (1660-1741), one of the leading figures of the Austrian Baroque and resident of the area at the time, composed some works emulating 'Mehter' music. Although quite forgotten nowadays, it is possible that these are the forerunners of the 'Alla Turca' style so familiar from the music of Haydn and Mozart. The influence of the Janissaries did not stop at the introduction of percussion instruments into the orchestra. Composers also attempted to imitate the character of the music. This is best exemplified by Mozart's opera 'The Abduction from the Seraglio.'

"The fashion of 'Orientalism,' as it came to be known in the 19th century, spread to all art forms including painting, literature, architecture and even furniture-making.

"The Sinfonia a Tre by Fux (with its curiously titled movements: Turcaria, Janichara, Posta Turcica, etc.) Written by Mozart before 'The Abduction from the Seraglio' and like it, set in the harem of an Ottoman palace.

"While Turkish music was influencing the classical masters of the 18th century, a group of painters (later referred to as the 'Bosphorus Painters') who took up residence in Istanbul were creating the school of 'Orientalism' in the visual arts. Painters such as Melling, van Mour and Hilair had direct experience of the East. Those who did not travel had their sources in literary figures such as Lord Byron, Lamartine, Guatier and de Nerval. An exhibition of work by Orientalist painters can be seen during the event. The reaction by a contemporary Turkish artist to Orientalist painting can also be seen in the massive work of Bedri Baykam entitled 'Ingres, Gerome, This is My Bath.'

Turkish music (style) References:

 Godfrey Goodwin - Janissaries  David Nicolle - Janissary

 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Janissaries

KHAKSARS—A COTERIE OF CADS.
A CLUMP OF PUGNACIOUS  MILITANTS WHO OPPOSED PAKISTAN

"A story of the Khaksars is A tale full of sound and fury signifying nothing"

THE KHAKSARS FASCISTS ATTEMPTED MANY ASSASSINATIONS ON THE QUAID-E-AZAM

Vacuity of ideas did not prevent losers and washouts from forming political parties. There are many inconsequential movements in the Subcontinent, whose mention is but a footnote in the historical records.

The Khaksars are but one of the failed movements that achieved nothing. Being proud of the Khaksars is like being proud of the KKK or being proud of the Nazis of German or the Fascists of Italy. The only difference is that the Nazis and the Fascist caught the imagination of the Italians and the Germans. The Khaksars only caught the imagination of the demented few in the Punjab. Their claim to fame was repeated assassination attempts on the Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammad Ali Jinnah.

The fundamentalist militia group calling itself the Khaksars were led by
their mouse-hearted Aalar Agha Zaigham in 1938-40. They got their inspiration from the brown shirts of Italy. They patterned their uniforms and their marching style from Mousolinni and his Fascist Party. They were anarchists who wanted total control over everything.

I quote Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah of Pakistan, Page 180):

“ Paramilitary Muslim Khaksars were as hostile towards the Muslim League
as they were anti-Hindu and anti-Sikh……..As a whole however, the Khaksars
never reconciled to Jinnah’s leadership and tried more than once in the
next few years to assassinate him”

The Muslim League led by the Quaid-e-Azam and their march towards Pakistan
was an impediment to their fascist dreams. I quote the incident from Jinnah
of Pakistan by Stanley Wolpert: Page 224.

“Jinnah returned to Bombay from his tour of Baluchistan on Friday, July
23. Three days later, on the afternoon of Monday, July 26, a fanatical
young Muslim Khaksar from Lahore, Rafique Sabir Mazangavi, entered the
Quaid-i-Azam’s Mount Pleasant Road house and appealed to Jinnah’s
secretary, Mr. M.H.Saiyed for an interview with the great leader. Just then
Jinnah entered his secretary’s office and asken who Tafiq was and what he
wanted ‘I was very busy’, Jinnah testified later in Bombay’s high court.

My whole mind was on my correspondence and I was trying to get out of the
room. Just as I was about to leave the room, in the twinkling of an eye,
the accused sprang on me and gave me a blow with his clenched fist on my
left jaw. I naturally reeled back a bit when he pulled out a knife from his
wrist….It was an open knife….Instinct of self-defence made me put out my
hand and catch his wrist, with the result that the momentum of the blow was
broken but in spite of this the knife touched the left side of my jaw. I
got a cut near my chin and my coat near the left-shoulder…I also got a
wound on my left finger
.
The last meeting of the All India Muslim League was held on June 10,
1947…..Here is another incident narrated by Wolpert in Jinnah of Pakistan
on Page 329:

“Khaksars rushed in through the once-tranquil garden, entering the hotel
lounge ‘brandishing belchas, or sharpened spades…shouting get Jinnah!’ half
way up the staircase leading to the ballroom where Jinnah and the Council
were ….in session before…League National Guards could grapple with them and
turn them back. It took police with tear gas to bring the disturbance to an
end. Some fifty Khaksar would-be assassins were arrested….

The movement ended without achieving any results. The Muslim League routed
them at the polls and eliminated their attempts at arson and carnage. Their
assassination attempts on the Quaid-e-Azam were unsuccessful. Liaqat Ali
Khan however did get assassinated.

RESUME OF MOHAMMED IQBAL
Goals
To awaken the Muslims of India so that they could regain their lost glory
and greatness. To wake up the Muslims and be more practical. To show the
Muslim youth of  India the path of truth and progress

Biography
Name: Mohammed Iqbal
Other names (ALAISes) : Poet of the East, The Poet Thinker, The Poet who
dreamt Pakistan, The poet who awakened the Muslims of India. Spiritual
father of Pakistan.
Born:  November, 1876 at Sialkot
Profession: Taught Philosophy and Law. Barrister at Law. Member Punjab
Legislative Council  1926-1930. President of Muslim League 1930
Knighted by the British in 1992 for poetry
Hobbies and Passion, and claim to fame : Poetry in Urdu and Persian
Greatest influence: Nietzsche and other German nation constructors

Publications
Asrar-e-Khudi translated as the Secrets of Self, 1920, 1940
Piyam -e Mashriq. Message of the East 1930
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 1930
Bang-e-Dara
Baal-e-Gibreel
Ughuman-e-Hijaz and many others
Education
M.A. Government  College Lahore
Barrister at law England
Doctorate in Philosophy Germany 1905-1908
Experience
Khilafat Movement: Alama Iqbal took part in the brief but important
struggle that was carried out by the Muslims of the subcontinent for the
restoration of the Khilifat headquartered in Turkey. In WW1 Turkey had
allied itself with Germany against Britain. When Germany and Turkey were
defeated in 1918 the British had abolished the Muslim caliphate at the
Treaty of Versailles in 1920. The Muslims of the subcontinent ( led by
Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali, and Abul Kalam Azad ) were outraged, and
led a nationwide campaign of agitation to protest the abolition of the
Ottoman Empire Caliphate. To this day young Turks remember this movement,
and think of Pakistanis as the natural successors of that movement.

All India Muslim league: He expressed great satisfaction at the formation
of the Muslim League in 1906.

MPA Lahore: In 1926 Iqbal contested the election from Lahore, and won by
a large majority

Nehru Report: In 1928 when the Nehru report came out, Iqbal was
disappointed by the he Hindu attitude. At this juncture he made up his
mind to form a separate homeland for the Muslims of  India

Vision for Pakistan:  In 1930 as President of the All India Muslim League,
he enunciated the Two nation Theory. “ The Muslims wish to lead a life
of freedom and honor. They want to live as a nation and this can be
achieved if they have a separate Islamic state“.

Struggle for Pakistan: To his last day, Alama Iqbal was a sincere friend
of  Quaid-e-Azam, assisting him in putting together a coalition of  
Muslims together. Iqbal was coaxing the slumbering masses to wake up and
demand a homeland.  Iqbal was criticized by the orthodox religious right
for his “shikwah” and “jawab-shiwah”.

In the year 1943-44 this is what was going on. Jinnah and Liaqat Ali Khan
(Jinnah kept poor health during these times and Liaqat Ali Khan ran the
vital and day to day affairs of the League. Khan was the brilliant
strategist and alliance former of the Muslim League. He faced the
“Akhand-Bharat” agenda of the Unionist-Congress alliance head on and won
the day. Liaqat Ali Khan and Jinnah out maneuvered the fifth column of the
anti-Pakistan, pro-Congress, pro-United-India Unionists and got them thrown
out of office. The Muslims League then pressed on with their demand of
“contiguous districts in the north-west and east of India’-‘Pakistan’.

I quote Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah of Pakistan, Page 222):

“ Jinnah during this interval focused his time and energies on the
strategy of seeking to make his league more effective and responsive to
popular demands and needs in the provinces it ran. ‘The Pakistan slogan is
gaining momentum’, reported the Punjab’s governor toward the end of May.
‘There has been considerable amount of discussion in the Press as to
whether Jinnah was justified in suggesting [in Delhi in April] that the
Punjab Cabinet is a League Ministry. The Nawab of Mamdot (Punjabi Leader of
the Muslim League) has sought to improve the occasion by a Press statement
that the Sikandar-Jinnah Pact has come to an end, the implication being
that the more active interference by the Muslim League in the Punjab
politics is to be expected. ’Sikandars death in December 1942 had left his
Unionist party ministry under the control of  a much younger, less
experienced Muslim leader, Khizar Hyat Khan Tiwana (1900-75). By early June
‘Hindu indignation with Jinnah’ was reported by Linlithgow as ‘greater than
ever. Jinnah himself is well pleased, so far as one can judge, and there is
no question that he has sent his stock up still higher.

I quote Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah of Pakistan, Page 225):

Jinnah held a series an inconclusive series of summit talks with Khizar
Tiwana in Simla at this time, which the Punjab’s chief minister recounted
to his governor as ‘a series of lectures from Jinnah about the services
that he had rendered to mankind’

JINNAH DISMANTLING THE UNIONIST BANNERS IN THE PUNJAB
I quote Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah of Pakistan, Page 229):

“ Jinnah journeyed to Lahore in late April, hoping to pressure Khizar
(Hyat) into abandoning his Unionist Label; but with British support the
young premier stood firm, refusing to knuckle under to the Quaid-e-Azam.
Shaukat Hyat Khan (Sikandar’s son) was, in fact, the only member of
Khizar’s provincial cabinet to go along with Jinnah’s demand that it
proclaim itself a Muslim League, rather than Unionist administration.
Khizar then managed to get Governor Glancy to dismiss Shaukat for some
“injustice which had come in light” most conveniently, thus helping to
strengthen the Unionist Party. The Muslim League’s Committee of Action
voted to expel Khizar before the end of May. For the remainder of the war,
the Punjab could no longer therefore be counted among the League’s
provincial administrative assets. The Jinnah-Sikandar pact was finally
dead. Galancy and Wavell felt quite ‘worried about the possible activities
of the Muslim League. National Guards’ in the Punjab, and the viceroy wrote
‘we shall have to take a very firm line with Jinnah to prevent communal
trouble’. In June, Khizar warned that Jinnah was importing into the Punjab
a number of Maulvis from the United Provinces to agitate against the
Unionist Government on religious lines. Khizar asked the viceroy to keep
“these people out and he would, I think, like to keep Jinnah and other
prominent Muslim leaders out of the Punjab too.” Wavell liked Khizar very
much but recognized he was ‘not  a strong character’ and found it ‘odd that
these big Punjab landlords should be so dominated by a down-country lawyer
like Jinnah. That ludicrous appraisal of Jinnah glaringly reeled the
viceroy’s inability to understand the nature of true power.

THE UNIONIST OPPOSTION TO PAKISTAN CONTINUES IN 1946
The following incident clearly shows how much the Unionists opposed
Pakistan and how much they were in the pocket of the British government,
trying very hard to defeat the Muslim League led by Quaid-e-Azam and Liaqat
Ali Khan. This is a vignette into 1945-46. I quote Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah
of Pakistan, Page 247):

“The aftermath of the Simla conference debacle was a governors meeting in
New Delhi to help Wavell and Whitehall decide their next political move.
Winter elections ,most agreed were now required, but the Punjab’s Governor
Glancy argued vigorously against any elections till an economic planning
conference could be called to expose the potential pitfalls of Pakistan.
‘Unless the Muslim League could be steered away from the crude version of
Pakistan’, he insisted ‘there would be a civil war in the Punjab; and
immediate Central elections might consolidate the Muslim League position’.’
Glancy feared that Punjab Muslims would vote on what might appear to them
simply as a ‘religious issue’ and his concerns reflected Khizars deepest
suspicions as well…

‘There are two major parties in this country’, Jinnah insisted, restating
Nehru’s famous 1937 formula in his first public pronouncement in Bombay
following the Simla Conference. ‘Invitations issued to Mr. Gandhi and
myself were on the basis that Mr. Gandhi was the recognized leader of one
of the parties and myself the leader of  the other. The British called them
parties, but they in fact were nations’. No other formula would satisfy him.

PUNJAB: THE MUSLIM LEAGUE DEFEATS THE UNIONISTS IN THE POLLS IN 1946
The Muslim League proved that the worst fears of the feudals  in the
Punjab were true. Liaqat Ali Khan and Jinnah had out maneuvered the
landlords in the Punjab and won the pre-partition elections. This election
sealed the fate of the Unionist conspiracy to defeat the League and defeat
Pakistan. The lines were clear. The League led by Jinnah and Liaqat Ali
Khan were for Pakistan. The Unionists led by the Tiwanas andt he Hyatt and
the Gandhi Congress opposed Pakistan. I quote Stanley Wolpert (New History
of India, Page 340):

“The elections of 1945-46 gave Jinnah the mandate he called for, with the
League capturing ALL THIRTY OF THE SEATS reserved in he Central Assembly
for Muslims. As expected Congress won 90 percent of the general electorate
seats….

The February 1946 provincial elections confirmed this bipolar political
picture, the League winning 439 out of 494 Muslim seats…

This is a vignette into the Unionist-Congress government in 1947. I quote
Stanley Wolpert (Jinnah of Pakistan, Page 307):

A few days before the League’s Working Committee was scheduled to meet in
Karachi, Khizar ordered his Punjab police to crack down on the active
league national guards in his province.

PUNJAB: THE MUSLIM LEAGUE DEFEATS THE UNIONISTS IN THE STREETS
Having failed to stop the Pakistan movement this crackdown was a
declaration of war on the Muslim League by the Unionist Khizar Hyat.

The League responded with ‘direct action’ protests in the streets,
demanding an end to Khizar’s coalition government and thus finally bringing
the Punjab’s Muslim “swordsarm’ into violent operation, as Begum Shah Nawaz
promised Jinnah in Claridge. The next day Khizar withdrew his ban, fearing
he could not hope to restore provincial peace otherwise. Too late. League
leaders now angrily demanded Khizar’s immediate resignation; mass meetings
were attended by huge crowds n Lahore and other Punjab cities. Shaukat
Hyatt proclaimed that the Muslim League was ready to ‘put out 15 million
Muslims to break  (the) law’ if Khizar’s ministry refused to resign. At
midnight Khizar struck again, arresting all the powerful provincial League
Leaders, including the Nawab of Mamdot, Firoz Khan Noon, Mian Mumtaz
Daultana. Riots erupted in every district of the Punjab. On January 31, the
League’s Working Committee resolved against calling the council to
reconsider its rejection of he mission’s plan, thus removing any residual
possibility of the League option to enter the constituent assembly.

The Unionists and the Congress had lost. Jinnah, Liaqat Ali Khan and the
Muslim League had won. Pakistan was formed.

On Feb 20, 1947, Prime Minister Attlee informed his peers in the Commons
that:
His majesty’s Government desire to hand over the responsibility to
authorities established by a constitution approved by all parties in
India………..

by Moin Ansari

Quiz: Question: When we celebrate the 23rd of March, it is our
a) Our 61th Anniversary b) Our 47th Anniversary c) Our 48th Anniversary d)
None of the above

Hint: In the year of our celebration F. D Roosevelt ( FDR ) was re-elected
President of the United States. Gone with the Wind got an Oscar a year
earlier. In Britain King George instituted The George Cross. Southern
California defeated Tennessee to win the Rose bowl and the World Series
was won by Cincinnati against Detroit 4-3 .

Obvious Hint: In the year of the event of our celebration Germany invaded
Holland Belgium and Luxemburg. World War Two reached France. The French
accept an “armistice” with Germany.

Pakistan Day is separate and different than our Independence Day. Pakistan
Day celebrates The Lahore Resolution ( later renamed The Pakistan
Resolution ). The Lahore Resolution celebrates our decision to form  
a national homeland for the Muslims of the Sub-Continent. In 1940 Muslims
from all over the sub-continent gathered in Minto Park ( later renamed
Pakistan Park) to announce to the world our desire to form a separate
ourselves from the rest of India.

THREE GENERATIONS OF FREEDOM FIGHTERS
Quaid-e-Azam in his epic remark stated that The Pakistani independence
movement began the day the first Muslim stepped foot on the soil of Hind (
Sind). Eighth Century.

The Algerian struggle of independence took 7 long years, and Boumediene
finally won the independence from France. The Indonesian struggle of
independence took 6 years and Sukarno got independence from the Dutch. Our
struggle for independence was a long and arduous one. It spanned three
generations and more than 150 years getting us independence both from the
British and the Indian National Congress.

The Algerian struggle of independence took 7 long years, and Boumediene
finally won the independence from France. The Indonesian struggle of
independence took 6 years and Sukarno got independence from the Dutch. Our
struggle for independence was a long and arduous one. It spanned three
generations and more than 150 years. Mohammed Ali Jinnah in his epic
remark stated that The Pakistani independence movement began the day the
first Muslim steeped foot on the soil of Hind ( Sind) eighth Century. That
would approximate our struggle of indigence at about 1250 years
approximately (gave or take a few years). The Muslim Leagues had earlier
been formed in 1906 by Alama Iqbal, Sardar Waqar-Ul-Mulk, Sir Agha Khan
and others. This was our second generation of leadership. The first
generation  of our freedom fighters (Bahadur Shah Zafar etc. 1800-1857)
had perished in The War of Independence of 1957 ( incorrectly called The
Great Indian Mutiny ). The second generation (Alama Iqbal, sir Syed Ahead
Kahn etc. 1857-1900) was handing the spirit of independence to the third
generation of Pakistani freedom fighters (1900-1948).

THE MUSLIM LEAGUE MATURES INTO A SERIOUS ORGANIZATION
Alama Iqbal had gone through his three stages; Indian Nationalist to
Pan-Islamist to propionate of a separate homeland for the Muslims.
The Muslim League was now in the forefront of Indian politics. The Muslim
League of 1940 was a mature organization as it represented a vote bank of
about 40% ( estimates vary on this number) of the Indian population. It
represented the opinion of almost ALL the Muslims of the subcontinent.
Maulana Mohammad Ali Juahar, and Maulana Abul Kalam Aazad (author of India
Wins Freedom, published 30 years after his death) were the notable and
rare exceptions. It is strange that Muslims in Northern, and Southern
India who knew for sure that they would never become part of the new
nation were in the forefront to the Pakistan movement ! Alama Iqbal had
gone through his three stages Indian Nationalist to Pan-Islamist to
propionate of a separate homeland for the Muslims. Sir Syed had planted
the right seeds. What he had built as mortar and brick had gathered a life
of its own and become a center for all nationalistic and idealistic Muslim
youth from all over the subcontinent. The Muslim youth of India spawned
the Pakistan movement from a small and unobtrusive town in Northern India
called Aligarh. The Lahore Resolution represented the maturity of a
“student movement” into a serious affair. Bringing the student movement to
Lahore, home of the majority of the Muslims population represented an
historic and watershed event in the history of the subcontinent.

Sir Syed had planted the right seeds. What he had built as mortar and
brick had gathered a life of its own and become a center for all
nationalistic and idealistic Muslim youth from all over the subcontinent.
The Muslim youth of India spawned the Pakistan movement from a small and
unobtrusive town in Northern India called Aligarh.
The Lahore Resolution represented the maturity of a “student movement”
into a serious affair. Bringing the student movement to Lahore, home of
the majority of the Muslims population represented an historic and
watershed event in the history of the subcontinent
On that day in Lahore, the Muslims demanded that India be divided into
three countries; two Muslim states and one Hindu state. One Muslim state
would exist in  Western India, a Hindu state would exist in Central,
Northern and Southern India, and another Muslim state would exist in
Eastern India. However within a span of 7 years this thought was
transformed into two states one Muslim and one Hindu ?

Qauid-e-Azam, Mohammed Ali Jinnah returned from England and like all
gentlemen joined the Indian National Congress. He was initially anointed
as the ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity. Later he matured into a spokesman
for al the Muslims of the Subcontinent. A moderate and liberal Muslim
Jinnah was a barrister who fought for the right cause, the cause of  the
Muslims.

THE GEOGRAPHIC TWO NATION THEORY
The people of Taxila traded and dealt with the people of Harappa and
Moenjadora, and all lived on the banks of the River Indus.

Modern Pakistan also thrives on the banks of the Indus and along the grand
truck Road Archeologists do acknowledge that the people of the Indus valley
civilization were distinctly separate from the rest of India and or from
Persia “Pakistan” existed 5000 thousand years ago as a social and political
unit.........

All of us have heard of the Two Nation Theory ? Have any of you heard of
the Geographic Two Nation Theory ? Did Pakistan come into being in 197 or
did it exist before that. The people who lived in the Indus Valley are one
of the original civilizations on the planet. We are their descendants. We
therefore are one of the original people on earth. The people of Taxila
traded and dealt with the pole of Harappa and Moenjadora, and all lived on
the banks of the River Indus. Modern Pakistan also thrives on the banks of
the Indus and along the grand truck Road. We contend that “Pakistan”
existed 5000 thousand years ago as a social and political unit. The
Village people to inhabited the Valley of the Indus did so without
pretense of political independence. However archeologists do acknowledge
that the people of the Indus valley civilization were distinctly separate
from the rest of India and or from Persia. The Descendants of the Indus
Valley civilization are the modern day Pakistanis.

PAKISTAN AND THE YEAR 2008

If we want to catch up with the rest of Asia ......we need to...

run with the other Asian tigers, else future generations will not forgive
us !

As the year two thousand approaches we prepare Pakistan for the next
millennium. It took us forty years to come to grips with a constitution.
It will probably take another decade to see the seeds of democracy take
firm root. In the short span of  47 years, we have experimented with
Parliamentary democracy (based on the British model),Mobocracy, Martial
Law (based on third world tradition of greed)  Basic Democracy (based on
the American Electoral College), Islamic Socialism (based upon a
combination of Nehru-Sukarno and Mao Philosophy), Islamic Shooraism (
Military dandaism) , Military Democracy( Transition to democracy), Naked
Capitalism (open ended allowance to the holders of capital) , and now
Trioka democracy ( the Military, the President and the Prime Minister).
Problems of poverty, population  and illiteracy stare us in the face. If
we want to catch up with the rest of Asian we need to put “ a tiger in our
tank” and run with the other tigers, else future generations will not
forgive us. While Bosnia perishes, and the flames of hatred span India and
our own land, the new generation is the new hope for the land of the
crescent and star. Our Founding father came back from England to galvanize
the Muslims of the sub-continent. Can we galvanize our youth into becoming
patriotic ?

PAKISTANIS IN AMERICA

Benazir Bhutto has philosophized that modern day Muslim states have grown
into two distinct branches, the Fundamentalist states, and the moderate
states

On a  personal and on a political level We have two choices Accepting
either one is dependent upon the social, religious and economic
background:

1. We can blame America first for everything that goes wrong anywhere else
in the world. We can fight the system Example: Iraq and Libya and Iran

Our people are not destined to penury. WE can transform Pakistan into a
modern state within a decade
2. We can say You set the rules, and we will play by the rules and win
every time. Example Malaysia and Indonesia

The phenomenal growth of South East Asian Sates gives a us clue of whether
to commit political and economic suicide or improve the lot of our people.
Our people are not destined to penury. WE can transform Pakistan within a
decade.

QUAID-E-AZAM MOHAMAMD ALI JINNAH AND TNT:
Stanley Wolpert in his book Jinnah of Pakistan says the following about
Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammed Ali Jinnah:

“ Few Individuals significantly alter the course of history.  Fewer still
modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a
nation-state. Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three. Hailed as ‘Great Leader’
of Pakistan and its first governor general, Jinnah virtually conjured that
country into statehood by the force of his indomitable will”.

Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammed Ali Jinnah said that:

“ the differences in India, between the two major nations, the Hindus and
the Muslims are a thousand times greater when compared with the continent
of Europe. India is not a national state, India is not a country, but a
sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two nations being Hindus and
Muslims whose culture and civilization, language and literature, art and
architecture, name and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, laws
and jurisprudence, social and moral codes, customs and calendar, history
and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are
fundamentally different nay in many respects antagonistic”.

Jinnah was clearly proclaiming that Muslim majority areas must be given
autonomy to form their own destiny. The original proposal was to form
various Muslim and Hindu, and Buddhist states in India, returning India to
its pre-colonial condition. In fact the Lahore Resolution called for more
then one Muslim state in the subcontinent.

According to Stanley Wolpert and Dominique La Peirre Quaid-e-Azam,
Mohammad Ali Jinnah was constantly trying to get ALL of Bengal and ALL of
Punjab for Pakistan. He in fact had seduced the Hindu states of Jaiselmer
and Junagarh to join Pakistan. They had agreed. Our Quaid fought tooth and
nail for a Pakistan that included Hyderabad, Junagarh, Jaiselmir, and ALL
of Bengal and Punjab. He called Pakistan with partitioned Bengal and Punjab
as a “moth eaten Pakistan”. In Freedom at Midnight Collins prolifcaly
describes Lord Montbatten’s ultimatum to Jinnah. Take the “moth-eaten
Pakistan” or “go to hell”. Jinnah accepted the “moth eaten Pakistan” as a
last resort. He had no choice. If was either this or NO PAKISTAN at all.
Mountbatten had made his very clear. If Pakistan had been created according
to the Quaid’s dream, we would have a more tolerant subcontinent.

While asking for Pakistan Mohommad Ali Jinna's said "you have seen the
ruled Hindus and not the
ruler Hindus". His words are  ringing true.

SYED AHMED KHAN, AND TNT:
As early as 1875, when he formed the Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh, Syed
Ahmed had begun talking about the Muslims as a separate nation in “India”.

>From the platform of the Imperial Legislative Council to which Syed Ahmad was

appointed after his knighthood (1870) Syed lashed out against the injustices
meeted out to the Muslims. Speaking against the Indian National Congress, in
1893 (10 years after the Congress was formed) Syed said:

The “aims and objectives” of Congress as “based upon ignorance of history and
present day realities; they do not take into consideration that India is
inhabited by different nationalities; they presuppose that the Muslims like
the Marhattas, the Brahmans, the Khashatriyas ...... can be treated alike,
and all of them belong to the same nation.”

“Stanley Wolpert in “Jinnah of Pakistan”  says “that was the earliest modern
articulation of the two-nation-theory, which was to become the ideological
basis for Pakistan”.  It was this enunciation of the two nation theory that
appealed to the hearts and minds of Mussalmans all over the subcontinent.
They in one voice voted for the Muslim League and Jinnah. Muslims from the
Southern tip of Tamiland, to the Central India, to Eastern India accepted and
fought for the Two nation Theory.  It is incredible that the Pakistan
movement began in the United Provinces of India (U.P, a conglomeration of
independent princely states like Lucknow and Oudh, that were railroaded into
a province by the British) , and was led by Muslims of Northern India from
Aligarh, Lucknow, and  Delhi, Muslims who never had any hope of becoming part
of Pakistan. Muslims all over the subcontinent voted, worked and died for the
ideals dreamt by Iqbal, and preached by Jinnah.

TNT: HISTORICAL BASIS FOR THE SOVERIGINITY OF MUSLIM PROVINCES
Throughout history, the struggle for the independence of the Subcontinent has
been struggle against centralism and the struggle has been waged to create
for provincial autonomy.
The Government of India Act of 1919 set out in clear terms the subjects which
were to belong to the provincial sphere and those to the Central sphere. But
both the Congress and the Muslim League boycotted the elections to the
provincial and Central Legislatures held in November 1920 under the Act,
because they felt that the Central Government had still retained too much of
power over the provinces.  When the Congress Party appointed a Committee to
prepare a blueprint of the future Constitution for India under the
chairmanship of Motilal Nehru, the then Congress President M.A. Ansari spelt
out the fundamental principles on which the future Constitution was to be
founded.  Speaking at the annual session of the Congress on 28 December 1927
at Madras, Ansari had said:
“Whatever be the final form of the Constitution, one thing may be said with
some degree of certainty that it will have to be on federal lines providing
for a United States of India with existing Indian States as autonomous units
of the Federation taking their proper share in the defence of the country, in
the regulation of the nation’s foreign affairs and other joint and common
interests.”
The Muslims cooperated with the Congress as long as they felt that the
sovereignity of the Muslim majority provinces would be kept. When the Muslims
felt that their sovereiginity would not be honored, they deserted the ranks
of the Congress and joined the Muslim League

The Nehru Committee Report submitted on 10 August 1928, reiterated the
principles of provincial autonomy and reorganisation of the States on the
basis of linguistic homogeneity.

The Congress vehemently opposed the powers of the Governor General to
override the Central Legislative as well as the powers granted to the
provincial governors to rule directly during emergencies.  The Congress first
decided to boycott the election in protest but later decided to take part.
During the war years the Cripps Mission arrived in India in March 1942 with
a draft declaration on the future government of India.  Recognizing the
possibility of irreconcilable differences among Indians on the Constitutional
future, the Mission proposed the following guarantees to accommodate them.
It conceded:
1. “The right of any province of British India that is not prepared to accept
the new Constitution to retain its present Constitutional provision and for
its subsequent accession if it so desired.”

2. “With such non-acceding provinces, should they so desired, His Majesty’s
government shall be prepared to agree upon a new Constitution giving them the
same full status as the Indian Union....”

The Congress Working Committee in a resolution adopted on 2 April 1942 while
objecting to the right of non-accession given to provinces, however, made the
following significant point: “The Committee cannot think in terms of
compelling the people of any territorial unit to remain in an Indian Union
against their declared and established will... Each territorial unit should
have the fullest possible autonomy within the Union, consistently with a
strong national State.”

CRIPPS MISSION FAILED. THE CABINET MISSION PLAN
Elections to Provincial Assemblies were held towards the end of 1945
following termination of the war.  Then arrived the Cabinet Mission in March
1946 to discuss with the Indian leaders the Constitution and the political
modalities to be evolved for them to realize the goal of self government for
Indians.  After eliciting views from all the political parties and the
groups, the Mission proposed a plan of government which was finally accepted
by the Congress, the Muslim League and the Sikhs.  There was to be, under the
plan, a Union of India embracing both the British and the princely States.
The Union was to deal with Foreign Affairs, Defence and Communications and
to have the power to raise finances required to administer these subjects.
All other subjects and residuary powers were to vest in the provinces which
were to constitute themselves into groups with common executives and
legislatures, and each group assuming such provincial subjects to administer
in common as the provinces joining the group desired.  Within this broad
framework the Constitution for the Indian Union was to be framed by a body to
be constituted by the provincial legislators in the ratio of one member to a
million and choosing their representatives for the communities - Hindu,
Muslim and Sikh - in the ratio proportionally representative of their
population strength.  The Constituent Assembly was to have the total strength
of 350.  The Cabinet Mission Plan also conceded the right to provinces to
change their Constitutions after 10 years by the majority vote of their
assemblies.
MUSLIM LEAGUE AND CONGRESS ACCEPT THE CABINET MISISON PLAN: Nehru waffles
Both the Congress and the Muslim League accepted the Mission Plan.  The Sikhs
also accepted the Mission Plan and agreed to join the Constituent Assembly,
under persuasion by both the Cabinet Mission and the Congress, as has already
been explained.
The Cabinet Mission Scheme had been devised to avert the partition of India.
However, Nehru and Vallabhai Patel, having first accepted it, sabotaged the
scheme after coming around to the view that it was better to give away a part
of India to become sovereign Pakistan, and then to rule the rest of the
subcontinent with a totalitarian hold instead of presiding over a democratic
federation with provinces being virtually autonomous.  With this view they,
together with Mountbatten, worked out the partition plan.  Punjab was
truncated.
SEPARATISM SET IN: THE MUSLIMS FEARED THE BUDDHIST FATE SYNDORME
The Muslims of "India" were always afraid of what is called the "Buddhist
fate. Brahmansim destroyed Buddhism and assimilated Jainism and Buddhist
thought into itself. Muslims were afraid that the same fate would befall them
if India remained united.

"Jawarhalal Nehru in his book Glimpses of World History says (Page 103 and
104) “Chandragupta  proclaimed his holy war “against all foreign rulers in
India. The Kashatriyas and the Aryan aristocracy, deprived of their power and
positions by the aliens (Kushans), were at the back of this war. After a
dozen or so years of fighting, Chandragupta managed to gain control over
Northern India including what is now called UP. He then crowned himself king
of kings. Thus began the Gupta dynasty. It was a period of somewhat agressive
Hinduism and nationalism. The foreign rulers-the Turkis and Parathions and
other Non-Aryans were rooted our and forcibly removed. We thus find racial
antagonism at work. The Indo-Aryan aritrocrat was proud of his race and
looked down upon these barbarians and malachas. Indo-Aryan States and rulers
were conquered by the Guptas were dealt with leniently, But there was not
leniency for non-Aryans.

Chandragupta’s son Samadugupta  was an even more agressive fighter than his
father....the Kushans were pushed back across the Indus........Samadugupta’s
son, Chandragupta II was also a warrior king, and he conquered Kathiwad and
Gujrat, which had been under the rule of a Saka or Turki dynasty for a long
time. He took the name Vikramaditya.....The Gupta period was a period of
Hindu imperialism in India. There was a great revival of old Aryan culture
and Sanskrit learning. The Hellenistic, or Greek and Mongolian elements in
Indian life and culture which had been brought by the Greeks, Kushans and
others were not encouraged, and were in fact deliberately superseded by
laying stress on the Indo-Aryan traditions. Sanskrit was the official court
language. But EVEN IN THOSE DAYS SANSKRIT WAS NOT THE COMMON LANGUAGE OF THE
PEOPLE. The spoken language was a form of Prakrit....Kalidasa belonged to
this period ................ Samadragupta changed the capital of his empire
from Pataliputra (Peshawar) to Ayodhia. Perhaps he felt that Ayodhiya offered
a more suitable outlook--with its story of Ramachandra immortalized in
Valmikis epic.

In the year 700 and in the subsequesnt years after 1000 AD various rajput
kings tried to rally the Hindu troops agains the Muslims. The efforts of the
Hindu nation failed to stop the tide of Muslim conquests.

HINDU PROPONENTS OF THE TNT
Lala Lajpat Rai and TNT:  It is important to note that both Hindus and
Muslims helped in the evolution of the TNT and Pakistan.

As early as the eighteenth century Shivajee was talking about a Hindu and a
Muslim nation in “India”. The battlefields of Plassey were littered with
notions of a Hindu and a Muslim nation. Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan faced
death because of the inability of the Rajputs to support the Muslims even in
the face of an external British enemy.

But let us take a look at history before the British arrived in Hindustan.
Even in the BC era many Hindus were trying to destroy other religions and
prove that the Hindus as a nation had a God given right to rule the land of
seven rivers.

Khuswant Singh in an interesting article on Indian Muslims says the
following:

“Long before Chaudry Rehmat Ali propounded his views on Pakistan, and
Mohammed Ali Jinnah put forwarded the TNT, as early as 1924 Lala Lajpat Rai,
the most prominent nationalist leader of Punjab and a pillar of the National
Congress endorsed the view of the Bhai demand of the Hindu Mahasaba that
‘Punjab should be partitioned into two provinces, Western Punjab with a large
Muslim majority to be a Muslim-governed province and the same principle can
be applied in Bengal’.

He went on to add:

‘Under my scheme Muslims will have four provinces, the NWFP, West Punjab,
Sindh and Eastern Bengal.’  Lajput Rai elaborated: ‘It should be distinctly
understood that this is not a united India. It seems a clear partition of
India into Muslim India and non-Muslim India. ‘

The mistrust of the Muslims was exploited by the Hindu leaders who dwelled on
the fact that the Muslims were aliens in India. Here is an excerpt of Gurudev
Rabindranath Tagore's fears about the divided loyalty of Muslims published in
th  'Times of India' April, 18, 1924.

“.... A very important factor which is making it almost impossible for
Hindu-Muslim unity to become an accomplished fact is that the Muslims cannot
confine their patriotism to any one country. I had frankly asked many Muslims
whether, in the event of any Mohammedan Power invading India, they would
stand side by side with their Hindu neighbours to defend their common land. I
was not satisfied with the reply I got from them. I can definitely state that
even such men as Mr. Muhammad Ali has declared that under no circumstances it
is permissible for any Mohammedan whatever be his country to stand against
any Mohammedan. .......”
Gurudev was also quoted by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in his “Pakistan”, see page
272-273.
The above is parhaps one of the best reasons for the creation of Pakistan,
for as long as India was one country all Muslims would be aliens in their own
land. Today’s Indian Muslims are suspected of loyalties to Pakistan. Facing
Iran or Arabia or Afghanistan, Muslim loyalties would always be under
suspicion in a united India.

Here is another quote by Lala Lajpat Rai in "Muslim Leaders cannot override
Quranic and Hadic injunctions?"Lala Lajpat Rai wrote to C.R. Das (in 1924):

“..........I am not afraid of seven crores (of Muslims) of Hindusthan but I
think the seven crores of Hindusthan plus the Armed hordes of Central Asia,
Arabia, Mesopotamia, and Turkey will be irresistible. I do honestly and
sincerely believe in the necessity or desirability of Hindu-Muslim Unity. I
am also prepared to fully trust the Muslim leaders, but what about the
injunctions of the Quran and Hadis? The leaders cannot override them. Are we
then doomed? I hope not. I hope your learned mind and wise head will find
some way out of this difficulty.  .......”
“Pakistan”, by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, page 274.

It was the Hindu Mahasaba type of communal thinking that which wanted to
impose the Rajha Rama in India that planted the seeds of the TNT in the minds
of the Muslims of that era.   HAD THERE BEEN NO JINNAH:

  Mr. Salahuddin Khan (If there were no Jinnah, Printed by: PanGraphics (Pvt)
Ltd. Islamabad.)
  Pages 14-15,

During the period 1937-45 a decisive change took place in the position and
relative strength of the Muslim League, as it won increasing mass support
among the Muslims. The 1946 elections reveal the changed position.  In the
Central and Provincial Legislative Assembly elections the Muslim League won
460 out of 533 Muslim seats. There can be no doubt, that during this period
the Muslim League

SUMMARY OF THE TNT
This is what Gurepdesh  g...@cornell.edu (Gurupdesh Singh) says on the One
Nation vs. Two Nation thread:

“ The notion ..... as I understand it, is a reaction to the totally
dysfunctional, communal, and genocidal governance Punjab and other states
(especially, Assam, Maniput, Kashmir, etc.) have experienced over the past 50
years under the Castecracy (an imperialistic set-up run by the 8%
elitist-minded OCs).  In such a failed country, it is natural for previously
soverign nations/peoples/regions of southasia to start wondering whether they
would be better off (in terms of human/political rights, economic growth,
cultural/social development, etc.) shedding the oppressive weight of a
totally unresponsive, corrupt, and criminalized “empire” and going it alone.
Something like what happened in the USSR and then in Yugoslavia when Solenia
and Croatio broke away.
Many people on the ng seem to have been taught that southasia was politically
unified state through much of history in discussing current political
situations.
Can anyone give me solid dates over past 3000 years known south asian history
during which all of the subcontinent was a unitary political state!  This
exercise will convince you that Southasia (named “India” by the British) as a
politically unified entity is a myth; although culturally and religiously
there was some commoness.  
But religious and cultural affinity is no argument for political union. For
example, look at Europe - predominantly Christian and culturally similar -
yet the French want to French, Germans want to be German, etc. . . . and all
are proud of their nationality and ethnicity.
Another example, look at the middle east - the whole region is Muslim, but
divided politically into 15 or so odd nation states.  No one there is arguing
about creating a mythical “one nation”.
“British India” as a “one Hindu Nation” is a ideological construct of 19th
century OC idealogues who attempted to create a new “proud identity” for
themselves based on historical fantasies to reactivate their hegemonic and
elitist ambitions over other Indians (92%).  The Muslim intellegtsia
countered with the “Two nation theory”.  
However, as events over the past 5 decades have shown, both were fictions -
southasia is multi-nation, multi-ethnic and multi-linguistic region and until
all member nations have some basic level of political control over their
affairs (but integrate economically) and “sensible economies of governance”
arise, the world will steam ahead into the 21st century while the mass of
Indians suffer in utter poverty.  Meanwhile, the 8% OC - the major
benefactors of the current imperialistic set-up - will continue to songs
about “Bharat Varsh’s historical greatness” the previous time the Brahman
clique was in power - whenever that was!”  

CRITICISM OF THE TWO NATION THEORY:
Detractors of the Two nation Theory have claimed that the two nation theory
died in 1971 and is not valid in 1995 because Pakistan and Bangladesh are two
separate countires. The other criticism is that “many” Muslim leaders like
Badruddin Tayebji, M.A. Ansari, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and many
others supported the Indian National Congress and therefore the Congress
represented all Indians. While it is true that some Muslims did remain in the
Congress, it is also true that most of the Muslims of the subcontinent from
Bihar, to U.P to Punjab totally supported the Muslim League and the TNT.

MUSLIMS OF THE SUBCONTINENT REJECTED THE RELIGIOUS MUSLIM PARTIES
Maulana Mohammad Husain Azad lambasted the Muslim League and the creation of
Pakistan in his book “India Wins Freedom”. However in the chapters printed 25
years later he also lambasted, Patel, Memon and Nehru. Azad even criticized
Gandhi for mistreating the Muslims in Congress and not being fair to them in
India. The Muslims of the Subcontinent had a choice of leaders. They could
have voted for religious zealots of the Jamaat-e-Islami or the
Jamiat-e-Ulema-eHind. The Mussalmans of the Subcontinent could have followed
ultra rightist parties that espoused religious intolerance, but they chose
“Mohammadali Jinnahbhai”. Neither Azad nor the Indian National Congress was
ever able to explain the massive following of the Quaid-e-Azam in Muslim
India. Azad was unable to portray himself as an alternate to Jinnah or the
Muslim League, and he was ignored by the Muslims of the Subcontinent. It was
the massive Muslim discontent with the leadership of the Congress that led to
the creation of Pakistan.

THE ONE NATION THEORY: THE RAMA RAJHA PROPONENTS
Even before Azad had decided to oppose Pakistan there were several Hindu
leaders who actively espoused the creation of a Hindu India, an India that
excluded Pakistan. Many of the organization were actively supporting the
agenda on how to continue to exclude the Muslims from the mainstream
political life. The RSS, and the Jan Sangh were just two of the organizations
that had publicly demanded a Hindu India. Here is a excerpt from Lajput Rai a
leader not of the RSS or the Jan Sangh but of the supposedly secular Indian
National Congress:

‘Under my scheme Muslims will have four provinces, the NWFP, West Punjab,
Sindh and Eastern Bengal.’  Lajput Rai elaborated: ‘It should be distinctly
understood that this is not a united India. It seems a clear partition of
India into Muslim India and non-Muslim India. ‘

ONT PROPONENTS: POST INDEPENDENCE RAMIFICATIONS OF PARITION
Vishvendra (vishven...@aol.com) crtiticizes the creation of Pakistan in the
following words:

Your analysis of TNT sounds good but you are leaving the following:

1) 25 million Muslims stayed back in India at the time of partition.

2) I00 million Bangadeshis decided to leave Pakistan and they claim they
   were being treated as colony inspite of belonging to same religion

3) 20 million Indian muslim emigrants to Pakistan claim they are
discriminated and want to be recognized as a nationality

4) 350 thousand Biharis are stranded in Bangladesh and prevented from
relocation to Pakistan . Mrs Bhutto organizes a strike during her
opposition period protesting against immigration of Bihari Muslims as they
will inundate Sindhis

5) USA is bigger than westrn Europe and India and has as much diversity
and is still a nation

6) Pakistan has also several subnationalities who have been odds with each
other

7) India Islam has lot of features of Hinduism and is different from
Arabic Islam in its worship of Saints and burial places.

8) Lot of Pakistanis still use Hindu caste names and from what is written
in NY Times it plays a signficant part in election politics.

9) Most of the prominent Pak families trace their roots to Hindu orgins
including Benazir Bhutto whose grandmother was a maharastrian Hindu
dancing girl according to Wolpert

10) Biography of Jinnah makes it clear that Jinnah was a secular
politician who used to heap scorn on Muslim communalists prior to his
being marginalized in Congress politics by Gandhi and Nehru and his
playing a Religious card

11) The only daughter of Jinnah stayed back in India as Indian citizen.
His grandson is a Indian Industrialist

12) Many muslim army officers stayed back some of them reached high
positions like Late general Habibullah, General Zaki, Chief Air marshall
Latif,major general Azfir Karim who all fought in Indo-Pak war against
Pakistan

13) Iqbal wrote poetry also with Hindu themes including one in praise of
Rama and ancient Hindu rishis

14) Political leaders like Badshah Khan in NWFP were against the Pak
ideology. When asked by someone why he associates with idol worshippers,
he said what do you call all this worship near the graves of saints?

15) Muslim league at the time of partition was lead by Landlords and
Moneyed class who were afraid of socialist policies of Nehru

16) Wolpert in his biography and quotes from ex- associates of Jinnah
makes it clear that he was a nominal Muslim who in his lifetime broke all
the proprieties  and conventions of being a Muslim. His ex - associate M.
C. Chagla who was the right hand man of Jinnah( before his conversion to
Separatist) mentions all the incidents in his book Roses in December, M.C.
Chagla stayed back in India and had brilliant carrier as Chief justice and
Federal foreign minister

Here is another Indian trying to shred the Pakistan idealogy:

Much is made of Iqbal as the philospher of Partition. In this connection his
address to the Allahabad Muslim League Session 1930 is lavishly quoted. The
reader is never informed that the British had split the League into Shafi
Leag-ue and Jinnah League, after League president Jinnah had decided to
boycott the Simon Commission. Iqbal was only presiding over the pro-British
Shafi League, attended by less than a hundred delegates. Nor is the reader
told that, in his later years, Iqbal thought better of Jawaharlal than of
Jinnah and that he wrote to Edward Thomson (vide ‘Enlist India for Freedom’,
p. 58) that “the Pak-istan Plan would be disastrous to the British
Government, disastrous to the Hindu community, disastrous to the Muslim
community. But I am the President of the (Shafi) Muslim League and it is,
therefore, my duty to support it”.
Much is made of the Muslim League’s frivolous ‘Pirpur Report’ on Congress
oppression of Muslims in 1937-39. But no mention is made of the fact that the
Congress offered to have the complaints inquired into by Sir Maurice Gwyer,
then Chief Justice of India, but the League never accepted the offer. It was
only interested in making allegations - and not in having them independently
examined.
It is claimed that Maulana Hasrat Mohani and Maulana Obaidullah ‘Sindhi’,
revolutionary patriots, had backed partition. They had not. Mohani was a
member of the Indian Constituent  Assembly and even opposed Article 370 of
the Constitution, giving a special status to Kashmir. Obaidullah was given a
recep-tion by the League in Karachi in 1946 on his return from exile. When,
however, he heard them shout “Muslim ho to Muslim League mein aao” (If you
are a Muslim, join the Muslim League) he left the party in disgust and died
soon after.
‘Pakistan Studies’ claims that August 16, 1946, was declared ‘Direct Action
Day’ to “explain to Muslims the policy of the Muslim League” (P.118). This
had led to the Great Calcutta Killings. Now the point is: What has explaining
of policies got to do with ‘Direct Action’? And why should the Muslim League
call for Calcutta Bandh in a predominantly Hindu city.
There is not a word about the massive violence in Rawalpindi Division in
March 1947. It was this killing of Hindus and Sikhs that caused Nehru to say,
“Parti-tion would be better than the murder of innocents”.
On the other hand these publications allege pre-partition killing of Muslims
in East Punjab, which is not a fact. They also invent the fib that “twenty
lakh Muslims were butchered in Jammu” (P.143) when the total Muslim
population of Jammu was only half that and many of them left for Pakistan and
many others are still there.
‘Pakistan Studies’ alleges that “before the machinery and record could be
brought over (from Delhi to Karachi), the office and the printing press of
Dawn (the Muslim League English daily) in Daryaganj, Delhi, were destroyed by
Hindu and Sikh hooligans. The press - which had some linos but no rotary -
was neither burnt nor destroyed. It was sold by the proprietor to Bharat
Prakashan Ltd., Delhi - the company which publishes Organiser and Panchjanya
- for a sum of Rs 5 lakh, a huge amount in those days. It blames India for
not holding a plebiscite in Kshmir as per UN resolution. It forgets to inform
its readers that the UN had asked Pakistan to withdraw all  of its troops -
and asked India to withdraw bulk of its troops - and that Pakistan never
fulfilled that condition.

This is what Sanjeev Sharma says about the founders of Pakistan:

“Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in 1850's had started making
plans to how to bring back the Islamic control of
india thorugh the education.  No wonder British
gave him title of SIR, and all the other suport
to form a Muslim University at Aligarh, where
they taught the British Education.  

Again it is 100% fact that Nehru went to jail
for 24 years, Gandhi about 10 years, Abul
Kalam Azad for 20 years and many others too,
Jinnah, never was in jail for Freeddom struggle
because he never was for freeddom, and was happy
to be with British,”

This is how a Pakistani anwers the charges:

“Obviously Sir Syed was no religious zealot, and to brand him as one would be
the height of bigotry. Jinnah of course was a law abiding person and never
went to jail. Being a jailbird is no credential for outstanding citizenship.”

This is what Rao Prasana says about Mother India:

The nation state itself is a phenomenon of the late 19th century and the 20th
century. Even countries like Great Britain, Germany wtc were not nations in
the true sense until the later half of the nineteenth century. The US has
been expanding continiously since 1776. Texas, New Mexico, Alaska, Hawaii,
etc were all merged with the US later on.

Germany became a nation only in 1871 under the stewardship of the
Hohenzollerns when Count Otto Von Bismarck was the Chancellor. The South
american countries were not even existing before the early part of 19th
century.

Language/linguistics:

About 75% of languages spoken in Pakistan are Indo-Aryan and 24% are
Iranian, both part of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European family
of languages. All languages of Pakistan are written in the
Perso-Arabic script, with significant vocabulary derived from Arabic
and Persian. Punjabi, Seraiki, Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu, Balochi,
Kashmiri, etc. are the languages spoken in Pakistan.

About 70% of languages spoken in India are Indo-Aryan, 25% are
Dravidian, 5% are Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic, all belonging to
distinct family of languages. Most languages in India are written in
Brahmi-derived scripts such as Devangari, Gurmukhi, Tamil, etc. Hindi,
Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Assamese,
Punjabi, and many other languages are the mother-tongue languages
spoken in each of India's state(s).

As you can see both countries have distinct linguistic identities.
Even in the case of Punjabi, while it is the mother-tongue of a
majority in Pakistan, it only represents the mother-tongue of only 2%
Indians. Besides, Pakistani Punjabi (Western Punjabi) is distinct in
its vocabulary/dialect and writing script compared to Indian Punjabi
(Eastern Punjabi). Another thing to keep in mind is that Indian
Punjabi (E. Punjabi) is mostly spoken by Sikhs who consider themselves
distinct from the rest of Indians and had been fighting for
independence. In the case of Urdu/Hindi, while Hindi is the
mother-tongue of a majority in India, Urdu is the mother-tongue of
only 8% of Pakistanis. Besides, they both are distinct languages, Urdu
has heavy vocabulary and writing script derived from Arabic and
Persian, whereas Hindi has heavy vocabulary derived from Sanskrit and
written in Devangari script. Most Pakistanis can understand English
and that does not make them British, same is the case with Urdu.

Race/genetics:

About 75% of Pakistanis are Caucasoid by race, 15% Australoid-Negroid,
and 10% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition. Majority of
Pakistanis are tall with fair skin complexion, similar to Middle
Eastern and Mediterranean peoples. Majority are brunettes, with
occasional green/gray/hazel eyes and brown hair colors, thin and long
noses, etc. While the racial features of each ethnic group are not
uniform, Pashtuns are the most Caucasoid, followed by Kashmiris,
Baluchis, north Punjabis, and then Sindhis, Seraikis, Urdu-speakers,
etc. The Australoid-Negroid and Mongoloid racial elements are quite
infused within the dominant Caucasoid genes among Pakistanis, however
there are some that have retained their uniqueness.

About 60% of Indians are Australoid-Negroid by race, 30% Caucasoid,
and 10% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition. Majority of
Indians are darker in their skin complexion, with wider noses, shorter
heights, etc. The Australoid-Dravidoid racial element dominates among
the lower caste Indians, South Indians, Eastern and Central Indians,
etc. The Caucasoid racial element dominates in Northwest Indians and
higher caste Indians. The Mongoloid racial element dominates in
Northeast Indians and border regions with China.

Obviously, both countries have distinct racial identities. A common
international perception based on observance of physical features is
that most Pakistanis are lighter skinned than most Indians. Most
Pakistanis resemble the looks of peoples inhabiting on its western
borders and beyond. Indeed, many Pakistanis also resemble many
Northwest Indians or higher caste Indians, but those are a minority in
India. Similarly, a few people of Pakistan resemble peoples of South
India, lower caste Indians, Northeast India, etc. but they are a
minority in Pakistan. And besides, let's say, if some Saudis look
similar to the French that does not make them one people, same applies
here between Indians and Pakistanis.

Culture/Traditions:

Pakistanis have a distinct culture, traditions and customs. Shalwar
kamiz is the dress commonly worn, both by men and women in Pakistan.
Pakistani food is rich in meat (including beef), whereas wheat is the
main staple. Pashto, Punjabi, Balochi, Sindhi, etc. music and dances
are distinctly unique with their own melodies, instruments, patterns
and styles. Pakistani arts in metal work, tiles, furniture, rugs,
designs/paintings, literature, calligraphy, etc. are distinct and
diverse. Pakistani architecture is unique with its Islamic styles. The
manners and ethics are guided by a blend of Islam and local
traditions.

India's commonly worn dress is dhoti for men and sari for women.
Indian food is mostly vegetarian, with wheat as the main staple in the
north and west, and rice is the main staple in south and east. Hindi,
Gujarati, Tamil, Bengali, etc. music and dances are distinctly unique.
So are Indian arts in the many areas. Indian architecture is unique in
its mostly Hindu styles. The manners and ethics of most Indians are
shaped by Hinduism.

Pakistanis and Indians definitely have distinct cultures of their own.
Some Indian women wear shalwar kamiz, but that was introduced by the
ancestors of Pakistanis. Many Pakistani food dishes are absent in
Indian cuisine and vice versa, and if some dishes are shared, they
were also introduced by the ancestors of Pakistanis (like naan, tikka,
kabob, biryani/pulao, etc.). There is barely any Hindu architectural
influence in Pakistan (Gandhara is Graeco-Buddhist and Harappan is
distinct), but significant influences by the ancestors of Pakistanis
can be found in India. The lives of most Pakistanis are shaped by
Islam, whereas the lives of most Indians are shaped by Hinduism.

History/background:

Pakistanis are a blend of their Harappan, Aryan, Persian, Greek, Saka,
Parthian, Kushan, White Hun, Arab, Turkic, Afghan, and Mughal
heritage. Waves of invaders and migrants settled down in Pakistan
through out the centuries, influencing the locals and being absorbed
among them.

Most Indians are a blend of their heritage of Dravidoid-Australoid
hunters and gatherers, and Aryans (in north). Northwest Indians have a
heritage from Harappans, Aryans, Sakas, and White Huns. Northeast
Indians have a heritage based from Mongoloid hunters and gatherers.
Also, Turks, Afghans and Mughals ruled north India for centuries.

Pakistan and India have a distinct history and background. The region
of Pakistan was never part of India except for 500+ years under the
Muslims, and 100 years each under the Mauryans and the British. It is
a fact that Indus Valley Civilization was mostly based in the region
of Pakistan. The names used for the civilization is "Indus Valley" or
"Harappan", both in Pakistan. The most largest and important cities
are Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both in Pakistan. Even in the case of
Hakra/Ghaggar river (extinct), a tributary of Indus itself, it has far
more mature Harappan sites on the Pakistani side than on the Indian
side. Indus Valley Civilization, at its peak, had colonies stretching
from Turkmenistan to north of Mumbai, and from southeast Iran to
western UP. About 85% of Indians (i.e. outside of northwest India)
have nothing to do with Indus Valley Civilization, where their
ancestors were forest-dwelling hunters and gatherers at a time period
when the sophisticated Indus Valley Civilization was flourishing. If
any thing, it were the ancestors of Pakistanis who colonized
north/northwest India, among them were Harappans, Aryans, Sakas,
Kushans, White Huns, Turks, Afghans, and Mughals.

Geography:

Pakistan is geographically unique, with Indus river and its
tributaries as its main water supply. It is bordered by the Hindu Kush
and Sulaiman Mountain ranges in the west, Karakoram mountain range in
the north, Sutlej river and Thar desert in east, and Arabian Sea in
the south. The country in its present form was created by the
Pakistanis themselves out of the British Raj, the Indus people
themselves who are now mostly Muslims.

India is geographically unique, with Ganges river and its tributaries
as its water supply in the north, and other river systems in the rest
of the country. Himalayas as its northern boundary, Sutlej river and
Thar desert as its western border, the jungles of northeast as its
eastern border, and Indian Ocean in the south. The mountains in the
central-south India are the great divide between Dravidians of the
south and Indo-Aryans of the north. The country itself was created by
the British, a direct descendent of the remnants of British Raj.

It is evident that India and Pakistan have their own unique
geographical environments. Pakistan is located at the crossroads of
South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. On the other hand,
India is located at the core of South Asia.

Although both India and Pakistan were created at the same time out of
British Raj, Indians desperately try to steal Pakistan's heritage,
particularly the Indus Valley Civilization! This Indian hegemonic
agenda is based on myths and false propaganda for religious and
nationalistic imperialism. Also, there are a few Pakistanis,
particularly Islamists, who deny/ignore Pakistan's glorious
pre-Islamic past. Harappans were certainly the ancestors of most
Pakistanis, who absorbed or adopted the many waves of
invaders/migrants through out the centuries.

Indus Valley Civilization was mostly based in the region of Pakistan.
The names used for the Civilization are "Indus Valley" or "Harappan",
both in Pakistan. The most largest and important cities are Harappa
and Mohenjodaro, both in Pakistan. Even in the case of Hakra/Ghaggar
river (extinct), a tributary of Indus itself, it has far more mature
Harappan sites on the Pakistani side than on the Indian side. The
proto-Indus site is also located at Mehrgarh in Pakistan. Indus Valley
Civilization, at its peak, had colonies stretching from Turkmenistan
to northern Maharashta, and from southeast Iran to western UP. About
85% of Indians (i.e. outside of northwest India) have nothing to do
with Indus Valley Civilization, where their ancestors were nomadic
forest-dwelling hunters and gatherers at a time period when the
sophisticated Indus Valley Civilization was flourishing.

Indus/Harappan religion was not Hinduism. Not a single Hindu temple,
idol or statue has been found at excavated Indus sites. Harappans
buried their dead, ate beef, and were not Vedic/Aryan. "Great Bath"
was common in many civilizations (Graeco-Roman, Mesopotamian, etc.).
The "deity" of horned head-dress looks nothing like Hinduism's Shiva
and similar deities were common in other civilizations (like the
Celtic Cernunnos). Bull seemed to be sacred among Harappans (like
Mesopotamians, Minoans, etc.) but not the cow.

A people may evolve by adopting new ideas/beliefs, change with
political environment, and racially get mixed with other peoples, but
that does not erase their history. Pakistan -- the land and people of
Indus directly inherits one of the greatest ancient civilizations of
the world, just the same way present-day Iraq, Greece, and Egypt (all
three countries also recently created) inherits their own great
ancient civilizations. It is irrelevant that the descendents of
Harappans are now mostly Muslims (Pakistanis)! Descendents of ancient
Mesopotamians and Egyptians are also now mostly Muslims, descendents
of ancients Greeks and Romans are now mostly Christians. It is time
that all Pakistanis take pride in their past, and protect it from
thievery of other countries like India.

Why Land Reforms did not work in Pakistan?

As early as 1929, Ortega y Gasset wrote in his The Revolt of the Masses of
the need for an intellectual and concerned minority to lead the masses if
widespread anarchy was to be averted.

by
Moin-Ansari

Earlier in April 1943, the Quaid had given expression to his views on
social justice and economic equality.

"Here I should like to give a warning to the landlords ... The
exploitation of the masses has gone into their blood. They have forgotten
the lesson of Islam ....Do you visualise that millions have been exploited
and cannot get one meal a day? If this is the idea of Pakistan, I would not
have it. If they are wise they will have to adjust themselves to the new
conditions of life. If they don't, God help them, we shall not help them."

FEUDALISM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR LOW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY RATES
The survival of feudalism in Pakistan has led to some very low
agricultural productivity rates. According to Syeda Abida Husain, in an
article published in the Dawn on May 22nd "68 per cent land holdings were
in the bracket of 3 acres per person, while 88 per cent farmers have lands
not more than 12 acres.You can call only one per cent farmers as
landlords,she further elaborated her point."

The feudal landlords have not improved our agricultural productivity rates
and the feudal landlord have not formed the agri-business corporation that
propelled Europe and the USA in the forefront of world business.

A table of the World Resources
1996-97 shows that while Egypt has a per hectare cereals yield of 5,921
kg. Indonesia 3,864,
Bangladesh 2,656 kg, India 2,062 kg, Pakistan is almost at the bottom with
1,894 kg per hectare.
No wonder our food deficit is increasing and becoming more varied and we
are importing 2.4 million tonnes of wheat this year, and despite our
animosity to India importing many vegetables in haste from there. (Source:
Dawn  Feb 20th, 1997.)

Here is an editorial from the News on Pakistan Day, March 23rd, 1997:

Without striking at the roots of the colonial order, the process of
economic development with
recklessly borrowed external resources has only accentuated socio-economic
disparities. We aspire to be a new Asian Tiger but unlike East Asians,
which have left us far behind, we have yet to initiate radical land
reforms. We are still stuck with our landed elite, not only distorting our
political system but also hampering our early economic take-off. We have
been talking of bold economic agenda but where are the land reforms? A
recent World Bank study points out that an inefficient and inadequate
system of land tenure constrains growth. The study asserts that Pakistan,
where 25 per cent of farmland is concentrated in farms of 50 acres or more,
will have to tackle the thorny issue of land reforms because in East Asia
and elsewhere successful land reforms played an important equity role and
jacked up productivity.

While land reforms may be a slow-moving process, the former finance
minister Dr Mahboob ul Haq has rightly emphasised the need for a more
drastic taxation policy to transfer resources from the rich to the poor
where, as he put it the other day at a conference of the Pakistan Institute
of Development Economics, the time had come to inflict some pain on the
rich. Estimating untaxed agricultural incomes at Rs 600 million, he
suggested an average tax of 10 per cent, yielding Rs 60 billion or nearly 3
per cent of the Gross National Product. Similarly, stern recovery evaded
tax in urban areas plus the held-back loans should go a long way in
mobilising domestic resources to overcome the grave fiscal situation
finance minister Aziz has been talking about.

Let us trace the history of feudalism in Pakistan.

ORIGINS OF FEUDALISM
There are several theories on how societies evolved on the planet. John
Locke and Hobbes have presented some of the foremost theories on how groups
of individuals came together. The Hobsonian theory is that humans got
together because they feared the dangers of the outdoors. Hobbes says that
man came together in society to survive. Locke on the other hand says that
man feared each other and society is based on rulers and ruled.  Socrates,
Aristotle,  Dante, Ibn-ul-Arabi and others have traced the real origins of
humans. H.G. Wells in his famous book the History of the World presents a
Eurocentric view of the planet. That view dictates that all civilizations
and races evolved from the Europeans.

Jawaharlal Nehru in a book written in the 1930s presents an Asian and
Subcontinent perspective of the history of the World. The origins of
feudalism can be based back to ancient times. In Europe they had the counts
and the barons who had paid mercenaries called knights (the goondas of the
state) who controlled the populace.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF OUR SOCIETY FROM URBAN TO RURAL
In our Subcontinent the oldest civilization discovered in Pakistan is the
belt of Harappan or the Indus Valley Civilization. The Sumerians called our
civilization the Melhullan Civilization. The IVC existed flourished around
2500 BC.  It is ironic that the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived of
the coast of Mekran was urban in nature. Moenjadaro, Harappa, Taxila and
the areas of Baluchistan and Kashmir, and some parts of Western India
(though this is controversial) were urban centers of political power. The
Harappan civilization  had town and domesticated animals.

Around 1500 BC for whatever reason, the IVC and other areas of the
subcontinent changed. Most claim that the “death” of the IVC was at the
hands of incoming hordes of Aryans across the Hindu Kush and Khyber pass. A
group of vociferous Indians claim that the Aryans never came from Europe
and the “Indian’ Civilization is totally indigenous. Without getting into
the merits of either case in this article let us move forward (I do not
want to de distracted from the real thrust of my article by the likes of
Jai Maharaj and gang). Around 1500 BC we begin to see the rural development
of agriculture in the subcontinent. Around the same time also we saw the
rise of Brahmansim and the rise of classes and castes in South Asia.

Around that time South Asia was dense forest. As civilization moved
Eastward they practiced what is called a “slash and burn” strategy. Forests
were burned and crops were planted in the subcontinent. Since the
Subcontinent was gifted with any many rivers, people could grow crops and
this brought them affluence and prosperity. The five or six rivers of the
Punjab, and the ganga and the Yamna are some of the rivers around which
towns and rivers grew.

Through the centuries we saw agriculture as the mainstay of the Subcontinent.
While researching some stuff we came across some stories about plants
that are not indigenous to the Subcontinent. Some interesting snapshots of
why and where the crops came from. If any of you have other interesting
stories on this, will you please add to this list. This is open for suggestion.

WHY COTTON IS GROWN IN THE PUNJAB
The American Civil War between the North and the South (1860s),  forced
Britain to use the ports of Karachi and Bombay. Since raw cotton from the
Confederate States of America could not fuel the textile mills in the
capital of the industrial revolution in Britain, alternative sites for
cotton growing were explored in the British empire.  Ports were needed to
handle the cotton crop to be exported to Britain. The Punjab was chosen as
a site to grow cotton and Bombay was the obvious choice for exporting the
raw cotton to Manchester’s bustling cotton milling industry. The
construction of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the Bombay constituency and
the port of Bombay to become a port of call between England and Singapore.
No longer would sailors have to go around the Cape of Good Hope to reach
the land of spices.

WHERE DID PEPPER COME FROM?
Pepper and Chilies are an integral part of the Subcontinent culture and
our cuisine. Pepper is indigenous to Mexico. Many have claimed that the
pepper plant came to the Subcontinent in 1498 aboard the ship captained by
Vasco De Gama

THE POTATO OF COURSE CAME FROM THE AMERICAS and IRELAND
The potato is indigenous to the Americas, even though it was made famous
by Ireland. The potato (or as the old VP Dan spells it potaoe) must have
come to “India” after Vasco de Gama visited us in the beginning of the
sixteenth century......when Jahangir was reigning most parts of South Asia.
The famine in Ireland in the mid nineteenth century may have something to
do with transplanting the crop to South Asia.

THE TOBACCO PLANT
This was a legacy of British colonialism. The planted this important crop
along the railways to keep the farmers happy and so that they could fed
their factories in England.

HOW FEUDALISM DIED IN THE UNITED STATES
In the United States Feudalism evolved very differently than the
Subcontinent. As more and more “Indian territories” were opened up for the
European settlers, the Europeans were allowed to stake out large areas of
land in the wild wild west. As the West kept on moving from Oklahoma to the
East the holding increased in size. A man could stake out the territory
that he could walk and defend as ...

As a first step, Pakistan should stop all trade in self defense.

The Charter of the United Nations

Article 2, paragraph 4

All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations

Over the years Mr. Karzai, the mayor of Kabul has repeatedly blamed Pakistan for his lack of writ beyond the city of Pakistan. He has hidden his failures with the knee jerk Indian model on “blame Pakistan first” for all ills within his corrupt narco-terror failed horrible excuse of a state.

"Terrorism is like a spring. It is better to go to the main source than to fight the water's flow," Gen. Mohammad Zahir Azimi, Afghan Defence Ministry spokesman.

"the strategy of the coalition forces toward Pakistan should change."

"We believe the war on terror should know no borders," "This was the first slogan by the Americans and the U.S.-led international coalition forces. But this war has unfortunately been confined to borders." Afghanistan's intelligence service, Amrullah Saleh

"Wherever the international community carries out operations against terrorism," it would have a positive effect in Afghanistan. Humayun Hamidzada, spokesman for Afghan President Hamid Karzai

"I'm not going to comment about the specifics about operations inside Pakistan. All I'm going to say is that we should address the sources, the root causes of terrorism wherever they are," Hamidzada said, hinting heavily Afghanistan believes that to be in Pakistan.

These types of threats against a fellow member of the United nations is considered a declaration of war by UN statutes. Turkey was faced with similar threats by the Kurdish militia in Norhtern Iraq, and it took action against the PKK rebels.

“The prospects of a U.S. military deployment inside Pakistan, a key U.S. ally in its war on terror, remain slim, because of the outrage it would trigger from the government of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf and the wider public.

Last weekend, Pakistan said it would not let U.S. forces hunt militants on its soil after the New York Times newspaper said President George W. Bush's administration was considering expanding CIA and Special Forces operations into Pakistan's tribal regions.

But that doesn't mean Afghan officials won't lobby for military strikes anyway - a call likely to enflame already touchy relations with Pakistan just two weeks after the countries' presidents met in Pakistan and pledged to share intelligence and tighten border controls to quash militancy.” The Canadian Press. Jan. 9^th. 2008

If terror does not have any borders then Pakistani planes should bomb Tajik Northern Alliance terror camps that are dispatching suicide bombers to Pakistan and to the areas in and around Wazirisitan

Taliban militants, in fact, pose a growing threat to Pakistan's own security. Hundreds of people have died, many of them security forces, as Islamist fighters have grabbed control of tracts of Pakistan's northwestern frontier. In the last three months alone there have been 19 suicide attacks, mostly targetting the army or government.

In the highest-profile attack, Pakistan's government said it suspects the top Taliban leader in Pakistan, Baitullah Mehsud, was behind the Dec. 27 assassination of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto. The Canadian Press. Jan. 9^th. 2008

Pakistan has a right to defend itself from these threats and aggression from Afghanistan.

Pakistan should call a session of the UN or directly inform the Afhan government that threats will not be tolerated.

Article 33

The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice

If that fails to stop the threats then it can and should do the following:

1) Immediately ask Afghanistan to produce Baitullah Mehsud and his accomplices who are implicated in the murder of Benazir Bhutto

2) Stop all cross border terror which is harmful to Pakistan

3) Failing the above Pakistan should stop all border trade with Afghanistan and raise the tariff on the transport of the freight ten fold.

4) Pakistan should bomb suspected targets in Afghanistan.

In the aftermath of the 9/11 commission, the Senate Report and the Butler Report in Britain, one wonders how the British could have ruled the world? Such a dramatic degeneration of genes in the past 100 years surely has long term problems for the world?

Three years afterward we are aghast. We find out that the CIA and a MI6 that had no clue about an imploding USSR, was totally incapacitated in stopping India and Pakistan from acquiring of Nuclear Weapons, was totally wrong about the Iraqi impotence with reference to weapons of mass destruction; and was unable to predict or halt 9/11 and other Al-Qaida activities in the world

This brings us to our current predicament. We have to possibilities, one of them scarier than the other. Do have incompetence run amuck or is there is conspiracy? After creating the greatly inefficient huge government bureaucracy called Homeland Security, do we really understand our enemy? Are we running after the right one this time!

If we are to believe Bush, no one in the Western world knew the truth about Iraq and the fact that it did not have WMDs. If we are to believe Bush and Blair then the combined Western IQ and this administration couldn't even connect the dots to know the threat from Al-Qaida. We went to the wrong war and this administration was totally unprepared and unable to predict the depth of the Iraqi insurgency. How can it claim to have all the answers today? How do we know that the neocons have the expertise in fighting terrorism and its causes? The ideologs can never find the right solutions, because they are mired in dogma and hatred. The media controlled by a few companies generates “groupthink” not different than what we had in the USSR and Europe. In my opinion the neocons have the wrong answers, because they ask the wrong questions, and come up with the wrong root-causes. The result are self-evident most Americans are ashamed at what is going on and cannot comprehend the malaise that we find ourselves in. Future dreams of nirvana in the Middleast do not seem to be happening and we are the laughing stock of the world.

If they were not incompetent then there is another possibility. The other possibility is the Conspiracy theory. And Michael Moore is not the only one with conspiracy theories. The other are mentioned by Sy Hersh and written about by Robert Fisk in major British papers and popular in and Europe. In fact the major British journalists on America channels chided Moore for not mentioning the other theories. One such theory decries the fact that the IQ of the entire Western intelligence and Western leadership was 11 and espouses the fact that they knew everything. The Administration with the help of Israel knew it all and deliberately wants to erase Iraq from the map “to make the region safer”. In that case, we fought a proxy war and our kids are dieing for others.

The Democrats, Michael Moore and Mr. Blix may not have any winning strategies for fighting terrorism, but this much is certain the neocon controlled Bush Administration has fewer answers. Can we trust our future in these hands. If CIA and MI-6 could have been so wrong so far, how do we know if they re right about anything?

The Quran explicitly states that girls belong to the father. Please correct your records.

The Quran is very clear on this. There is absolutely no ambiguity. In Islam the children belong to the father…the mother can nurse them if they are very small....

2:233] Divorced mothers shall nurse their infants two full years, if the

In Islam, a father is the natural guardian (al waley) of his children's persons and property. Shia doctrine also gives the child's paternal grandfather joint guardianship.[83] According to Shari'a, a child's paternal grandfather is his or her natural guardian after the father.[84] Under the laws of countries such as Kuwait , guardianship passes to the next relative on the father's side if the father and paternal grandfather are unable to act as guardian.[85] Depending on local laws, a father may be able to transfer his power of attorney over his child to other family members. In custody abduction cases, a father brought into court may use this as a means of keeping the child in the custody of his relatives and he may claim that he lacks legal authority to return the child to its mother.
A mother generally has a right to physical, not legal, custody of her child until the child reaches the age of custodial transfer, at which time the child is returned to the physical custody of the father or the father's family.

The right to physical custody is not an absolute right in the sense that a mother or father who possesses physical custody may not prevent the other parent from seeing the child. While the parent with physical custody cannot be compelled to send the child to the other parent's residence for visits, he or she must bring the child to a place where the other parent can see him or her.[86] Furthermore, in order to have physical custody, a parent must fulfill certain conditions. Firstly, the father or mother seeking custody must have reached majority and must be sane. He or she must also be capable of raising the child, looking after its interests, and protecting its physical and moral interests. Aside from these basic requirements, there are specific requirements based on the parent's gender.[87] Since, by definition, Muslim fathers satisfy the specific requirements of a male custodian,[88] the following discussion will address only the requirements placed on a mother.
http://www.expertlaw.com/library/family_law/islamic_custody-3.html#80
Under the Hanafi school, female custody of a boy ends when he is able to feed, clothe, and cleanse himself. Most Hanafi jurists set this age of independence at seven years, although some set it at nine. Hanafi jurists differ on when a mother's custody of her daughter ends. Most maintain that the mother's custody ends when the girl reaches puberty, set at either nine or eleven years of age

“Democracy” destroyed the ottoman Empire, destroyed Muslim power in India, partitioned Iraq and bifurcated Pakistan in 1971.

0) The states growing the fastest in the world are China, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Thailand. All do not have “democracy”. India ahs 89 insurgencies in more than 1000 districts of India where there is no Government control. At less than $900 per capita GNP (not GDP) “India” is the only island of poverty in Asia, poorer than Pakistan and worse off than the Sub Saharan Africa. Everything lese about India is marketing baloney. The USA was created as a Republic NOT a Democracy. UK has House of Lords and no representation of colonies.

Pakistan’s role model is China not India.

1) This assault against the Army is actually is a treasonous insurrection which deteriorates into an ethnic and provincial incitement. We have to reject it immediately. It is not about Musharraf or Kiyani, it is about the corp commanders, the Brigdeers, and the jawans who are defending the borders right now!

2) “Why are you crying like a woman when you did not fight like a man”. The mother said to the son. In 1492, Abdul Rehman was forced to abdicate and leave Cordoba because the majority of the country was Christian. All Muslims and Jews were subsequently expelled from Christian Spain. This defeat was a thousand times worse than any other defeat anywhere.

3) Lawrence of Arabia was fighting for the democratic rights of the Arabs. Right before the disintegration of the Ottoman empire, 500,000 Arab soldiers dropped their arms and defected to Lawrence of Arabia so that they could shed their Turkish domination and get their democratic rights. The Ottoman Empire was destroyed and the Arabs got the Emirs, the Kings, and the emperors. Majority rule!!!! The destruction of the Ottoman Empire was the worst moment in Islamic history.

4) India was mainly ruled by Muslims before the British came. In the 1940s most of Indian states were ruled by Muslims. It was not one country but more than 571 states. It wasn’t just the rulers, it was the entire intellegencia and the professional class of attorneys, accountants, and intellectuals who were Muslims. The states of Awadh, Hydrabad, Phopal, Manvanagar, Junagarh, and many others. “Democracy” was imposed on these states and they were forced to join the Dominion of India in the name of “democracy”. Immediately afterwards Nehru imposed the Land “reforms” and snatched away all Muslim lands from the Muslims reducing them to destitute status. All in the name of democracy. Additionally the Devanagri script was imposed on them and overnight they became illiterate.

5) In 1947 Pakistan did not get any arms from India as part of the 1947 Act of Independence. The new Pakistan Army with the Pathans with knives and sticks liberated one third of Kashmir now called Azad Kashmir and all of Northern Areas. Else the Indian boundary would be at Kashmir point in Murree, 35 miles from Islamabad.

6) In 1947, Pakistan lost Hydrabad,Junagarh, Manvanagar, Bhopal, Asaam because democracy was imposed on the Muslim rulers.

7) In 1968 Pakistan was doing so well that Korean teams used to come to Pakistan to see what is going on. Pakistan was strong and peaceful. Ayub Khan kicked the Americans out of Badabare Airforce base. A psy-op campaign very similar to the one with shortages of goods, sugar and wheat was started a nationwide “movement” forced him to quit office. These champions of democracy derailed Ayub Khan and within 3 years we lost East Pakistan. The army was there to blame it all on!

8) East Pakistan: West Pakistan had surrendered East Pakistan when the One Unit was formed in West Pakistan and parity was declared with East Pakistan. All founding members of the Muslim League who were Bengali were purged from the Muslim League. All in the name of democracy, a loser traitor Shaikh Mujib was allowed to run in the election on the secessionist 6 points. The six points would have created six states in Pakistan. The army was sent in after Badar and other terror organizations were already raping women in East Pakistan. The number of soldiers in East Pakistan was 45,000. The rest were civilians.

9) Mujibs true colors showed in Bangaldesh within a year when he was in power. He declared a one party state and made the statement “my wish since 1947” has come true. He was killed and his body was left on the streets. Bangladesh that wanted “liberation” and democracy is still run by the army.

10) East Pakistan: East Pakistan was lost because of bigotry not a surrender in Dhaka. Setting the record straight. In 1900 the British government decided to impose the Devanagri script in all government offices. The Bengalis were incensed. They immediately started rioting for the restoration of Urdu and the Farsi script. Muslim West Bengal wanted a separate province for the Muslims where Urdu could be taught and read. In response the British acquiesced to the partition of Bengal along Hindu and Muslim lines. However Hindu counter demonstrations annulled the partition of Bengal and the Devanagri script was imposed on all of Bengal. Bengali was a very recent and new language of Calcutta formed in the 1800s anyway. All Muslims in Bengal spoke and wrote Urdu and did not accept the Calcutta language. Nawab Waqar ul Mulk and others formed the Muslim League and agitated for a separate homeland and the Lahore declaration was signed in 1940.

11) In 1989 Bhutto was doing well. The champions of democracy led a externally funded campaign and deposed Bhutto. Bhutto and the PNA had reached an agreement but the powers to be did not like it. We had to fight a war in Afghanistan for 10 years under a foreign imposed dictator.

12) The “for life presidents” of all major political parties do not auger well for “democracy”. How can a 19 year old be chairman of a political party? A person who has no clue, a person who does not speak Punjabi, or Baluchi, or Kashmiri, or Hindkoh, or Sindhi or Urdu!

13) During the democratic reign of BB and Nawazoo, parliament met for 20 days in a year. Most of the time the cabinet was not consulted and Abba jee made the decision for the Muslim League. BB did no pass any major legislation and did not over rule the hadood ordinances even though she had a majority in the parliament.

14) India took over Siachin while these champions of democracy were keeping Bhutto embroiled in this so called PNA agitation. The Pakistan Army took over Kargill and 300 peaks, but Nawaz Sharif surrendered it back in Washington.

15) Military Inc. was written in India for Indians and depicts a very wrong picture of Pakistan. The Military control a section fo the economy, but controls some of the largest defence programs which include the Nuclear, Missile ad Space programs. The Pakistani Military Industrial complex, like all military complexes in the world is run by the Government and the Armed Forces. The US Area 54, and DoD run the NASA and other programs and sometimes use trusted civilian contractors. The Russian, Israeli and Indian programs are very similar in nature. No civilian contractor in Pakistan could run the Kamra project to develop and build the JF-17 Thunder aircraft that copied the F-16s. no civilian contractor could make the Al-Khalid tank based on Easter European models. No civilian contractor could make the Pakistani Nuclear Bomb and Missile program.

16) The For Life presidents of the Muslim League and the PPP took the budget deficit of $12 Billion and took it to $38 Billion in a four years. Result Surray Palance etc.

17) There is a concerted campaign to destabilize Pakistan run by many Indians, and supporters. The Iranians and the Chinese have warned external forces and asked Pakistanis to see the danger from abroad. Read about it on www.RupeeNews.com or click here.

18) the only thing working against Pakistan is external forces and bigotry and prejudice. These politicians want to create more hatred among Pakistanis. Whenever you hear something based on bigotry or hatred or prejudice, dump it, ignore it and speak up against it. Only Indian agents are against Pakistan. We are all Pakistanis. Pakistan Zindabad. Pakistan Paindabad.

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"Nau saun chochay kha keh billee ghar ko chalee". After "playing" 900,  the cat is going for a pilgrimage. 

Jan 30th update: According to Entertainment Tonight (ET), Adnan is back. He tried to enter her house last night and was not allowed to. He caught up with Britney on Sunset Blvd, and she moved to his car. The Mercedes had a flat tire, but Adnan drove it as it was to her house with her....so Adnan is back...now that Adnan and his wife are divorcing...are the other plans that they had still on? Stay tuned.  

Jan 23rd update: Live inerview with Adnan at the bottoem of this post.Is the "item" over?  Brittany keeps the press informed about where she is, so that they can take pictures? On the 23rd she arrived in court with another assistant and they had "Indian food" (can't stay away from dark spicy meat!!!). Are Brit and Adnan playing a game? No one is sure. The press still calls him Birittany's boyfriend. In an interview Adnan said about Brittany "if you scratch the surface, you will find how amazing a person Birttany is". He also told the inverviewer that he had been photographing Brittany for years before they got closer to each other and spent some time away from the glarr of the mdia headlights......and so it goes!

On January 23rd, 2008 the spouse of Adnan Ghalib Alzyn Berry filed for separation from her husband. Reportedly, Berry, who married Ghalib in 2003, revealed she was heartbroken aboutAdnan's romance with Brittany.

"Chor ka gawah jaib-kutra". (The thiefs' wintess is the pick pocket). Btittany's friend Paris Hilton says Britney  is "great mother" and people should let the pop star "live her life". Paris made this explanation in a TV interview on Tuesday night. Paris said: "She's a very sweet girl and I love her to death."

Is Adnan and Bittany ever going to get together?...stay tuned....

Did he get dumped? They have not been seen together for a week now by Adnan Ghalib is denying it. The Police have no record of the "restraining order" what was supposedly given to Mr. Ghalib. However it has now been three days the couple has not been seen together. In other developments Mr. Ghalib may be appearing on a networks to "kiss and tell".  Has all this been planned between the two of them, or did Mr. Ghalib forget to inform Brittany that he was going to sell her pictures to the press. Is she mad? or is this a diabolical plan to make money? Stay tuned....

"Famtastic" reported on  Jan. 20th that Britany Spears wanted to write Adnan Ghalib into her will of approx. $130 million. She wants to divide her asserts between her kids, Sean and Jayden. She does not want her parents to get any of the money. There is a story that Brittany and Adnan have split up! Stay tuned!

According to PR-inside the 28 year old of wife  of Adnan Ghalib, the Alzyn Berry informed  Access Hollywood, "The only way he'll marry her is over my dead body." "We were living together as man and wife when he started romancing Britney. I believed he was purely working and he was trying to win her confidence for a photoshoot."

......"It's been reported that ours was a marriage of convenience to help him get his green card but that's simply not true. He's broken my heart and I haven't stopped crying for two weeks. "But he's living on the same fantasy planet as her if they think they'll be walking down the aisle any time soon."  

So whats up with Spears? Why is it that when the Hollywood celabraties, and celabreties in general get tired of the fun and booze they turn towards something unique and different. We saw the story with Princess Diana and her visits and affair with a Pakistani doctor (story on this site). We saw the same with Mike Tyson, and Michael Jackson. Now Brittany's affair with Adnan Ghalib is the news story of the town.

Spears has also talked about how important 35-year-old Ghalib is to her now. She reportedly told a doubting relative of his over the phone, "We're taking care of each other. He's the only one who understands me. It's serious."

Meanwhile, Spears staged a bizarre 48-hour cross-country escape in a dash for freedom last week. She set up elaborate decoys involving two private jets, dozens of security guards, limos and even police in an attempt to put pursuers off the scent.

Fleeing amid fears her parents want her sectioned, Spears and Ghalib checked into a hotel in Baja, Mexico, last Thursday. But her aides hoaxed the press into thinking she was flying to New Jersey or Hawaii - and set up minders at both airports.

At New Jersey, her security men even called in police for back-up as photographers rushed to the scene. Two blacked-out limos, including one she often uses, sped away.

By Friday, she and Ghalib were back in LA. Britney, clutching her dog and with rings under her eyes, was a picture of desperation.
Yet seven hours later, the pair was out on the town. She wore a pink wig and a jacket with the crude slogan, ‘F**k Off Lover Boy' and at one stage sucked on an inhaler.

Apparently she wants to convert to Islam and move to Pakistan. One small glitch. Adnan is already married!

Ghalib, 35, who works for the FinalPixx photo agency and has been inseparable from Spears since New Year's Eve, has photographed the 26-year-old singer for years as part of the horde of shutterbugs who follow her every move. In the last two weeks, they've checked in to hotel rooms together and he's accompanied Spears all over Los Angeles, according to published reports.

Question: So what do these women see in Pakistani men? What makes Pakistani men so attractive to Diana, Brittany and others?

This sizes it up.

The answer: Well you know what they say about Pakistani men.....and size

‘Fayed ‘not the one' for Diana'

LONDON: Diana, princess of Wales did not consider Dodi Fayed as "the one" she would marry, her former butler told an inquest Monday, adding that she was still yearning for a former boyfriend.

Paul Burrell said Diana had wanted to marry Pakistani heart surgeon Hasnat Khan, with whom she split shortly before her brief relationship with Fayed, who died with her in August 1997.

In eagerly-awaited testimony Burrell said Diana's relationship with Fayed was "exciting" for the princess, who had divorced from Prince Charles in 1996.

"It was very fresh, new and exciting," he told the High Court in London, packed for one of the most high-profile witnesses since the six-month inquest into the couple's death opened in October.

But asked by lawyer Ian Burnett: "By that stage had you any sense from the princess that... to use a hackneyed phrase that has appeared in so many media reports, Dodi was 'the one'?" he replied: "No, I didn't have that impression."

Fayed's father Mohammed Al Fayed, the owner of London department store Harrods, claims they were killed by a British establishment conspiracy to prevent Diana marrying a Muslim and having his child.

Fayed and driver Henri Paul were killed instantly in the Paris car crash, while Diana died from internal injuries a few hours later. - AFP

(OK! I agree! With due apologies, ...this story was an unabshedly cheap attempt to improve my ratings! Amazingly this is the highest rates story on the site.)

Here are some substantive and not so substantive articles:

Click here to see Adnan live.

http://www.redlasso.com/ClipPlayer.aspx?id=626caed0-02bd-4042-b75e-8988d03713bd

ARTICLES ABOUT PAKISTAN, USA and FATIMA AND BILAWAL BHUTTO
Fatima Bhutto the niece writes a farewell letter to Aunt Benazir Bhutto

Fatima Bhutto hints at political involvement. Sign up sheet for a Draft Fatima movement. Leave comments and contact info. Name, email and contact info

Fatima Bhutto and Bilawal Bhutto…a couple made in heaven

Two women. Benazirs murder and Princess Dianas Pakistan connection. Was the Quran the reason for her death?

The speech that Fahim, Zardari, and Bilawal Bhutto should have made. The message that the PPP should have sent. The patriotism that the People Party could have spread

The speech that Bilawal Bhutto should have given. The words that Zardari should have shouted. The thoughts that Fahim should have communicated

The CIA Connection…….The Benazir Bhutto Assassination was pre planned, the Zia model with a twist. The continued CIA involvement in Pakistan. The Great Game continues. When the Elephants dance the grass gets stamped upon…Pakistanis suffer. The purpose of this assignation is to destabilize Pakistan and find a reason to secure the Nukes

Criticism of Benazir Bhutto’s 5E Campaign program

Criticism of Benazir Bhutto. Pre-Assassination

Who killed Liaqat Ali Khan?
On deconstructing the wrong paradigm of the USA media
Rebutting Cohen
Pakistanis are immune to another prophecy of doom
Pakistanis want to hear “Thank You” from the ingrate Americans. Nothing is good enough!
Pakistanis to USA: We want “Friends Not Masters”
Say Thank You
Pakistan US Relations should be normal not transactional
Response to Congressman Hoyer on Pakistan”
On inadequate US Aid to Pakistan
Where is Osama Bin Laden
Where are the Pakistani nukes?

Where is Leadership of the PPP? Why is it behaving like Nero. Stop the arson and the carnage. Ask for a national Day of prayer and reconciliation

Open Letter to Mr. 10% Asif Zardari. Show some leadership

Open Letter to Mr. Bilawal Bhutto

The CIA connection—Benazir Bhutto assassination was pre-planned, the Zia model with a twist

Benzir Bhuttos revenge from the grave: Annointing a despised and corrupt politician Mr. 10% as her successor

Open letter to Mr. Zardari

The 4th Bhutto assassination is a message to the USA. Hands Off Pakistan

Here we go again! Another Indian prophecy of doom. The first one was in 1947

We would like to refer our readers to the an article on “Toppling the US military” that is worth its weight in gold. Search for it on this site. See: “Kissinger threatened Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto”

Also of interest may be an article on "Who assassinated Liaqat Ali Khan"?

Pakistani infrastructure needs> Build Pakistan up as a bulwark against American enemies”

About the inane discussion of taking out Pakistan's Nuclear weapons.”

Taking out Pakistani Nuclear weapons.”

This was an angry reaction to Benazir Bhutto's unpatriotic comments. According to tradition, we should not say bad things about a dead person. May God Bless her soul.”

Every time something bad happens, anti-Pakistan elements come out of the woodwork. Here is a response to the talking heads.”

the Democrats don't get it."

Discussion of taking out Pakistani nukes: The White House should immediately repudiate this aggression and arrest Anti-Americansim”

Discussion of taking out Pakistani nukes: The White House should immediately repudiate this aggression and arrest Anti-Americansim”

Wish List from Pakistan to Santa America”
Perpetual Mimetic warfare
The Worst Islamphobes
Where are the Pakistani nukes?

On Liaqat Ali Khan: Who killed him?
On deconstructing the wrong paradigm. Why the US Think Tank industry is wrong!
Rebutting Cohen. He is an Indian agent!
Another prophecy of doom for Pakistan. Blah Blah Blah!
Pakistanis want to hear “Thank You” for the US
Pakistanis to USA: We want “Friends Not Masters”
America: Say Thank You”
Pakistan US Relations should be normal not transactional”
Response to Congressman Hoyer on Pakistan”
On inadequate US Aid to Pakistan”

….Pakistanis are not stupid and have their nukes hidden”

The Democrats don’t get it

Where in the world is Osama Bin Laden

The speech that Bilawal Bhutto should have given. The words that Zardari should have shouted. The thoughts that Fahim should have communicated

The CIA Connection…….The Benzair Bhutto Assassination was pre planned, the Zia model with a twist. The continued CIA involvement in Pakistan. The Great Game continues. When the Elephants dance the grass gets stamped upon…Pakistanis suffer. The purpose of this assignation is to destabilize Pakistan and find a reason to secure the Nukes

Criticism of Benazir Bhutto’s 5E Campaign program

Criticism of Benazir Bhutto. Pre-Assassination

Who killed Liaqat Ali Khan?
On deconstructing the wrong paradigm of the USA media
Rebutting Cohen
Pakistanis are immune to another prophecy of doom
Pakistanis want to hear “Thank You” from the ingrate Americans. Nothing is good enough!
Pakistanis to USA: We want “Friends Not Masters”
Say Thank You
Pakistan US Relations should be normal not transactional
Response to Congressman Hoyer on Pakistan”
On inadequate US Aid to Pakistan
Where is Osama Bin Laden
Where are the Pakistani nukes?

Where is Leadership of the PPP? Why is it behaving like Nero. Stop the arson and the carnage. Ask for a national Day of prayer and reconciliation

Open Letter to Mr. 10% Asif Zardari. Show some leadership

Open Letter to Mr. Bilawal Bhutto

The CIA connection—Benazir Bhutto assassination was pre-planned, the Zia model with a twist

Benzir Bhuttos revenge from the grave: Annointing a despised and corrupt politician Mr. 10% as her successor

Open letter to Mr. Zardari

The 4th Bhutto assassination is a message to the USA. Hands Off Pakistan

Here we go again! Another Indian prophecy of doom. The first one was in 1947

We would like to refer our readers to the an article on “Toppling the US military” that is worth its weight in gold. Search for it on this site. See: “Kissinger threatened Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto”

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